Russia's Early Warning System :Satellite & GBR

By: Edz - 10th November 2005 at 20:01 Permalink - Edited 1st January 1970 at 01:00

As of October 2005, the space part of the Russian early-warning system includes three operational satellites—two on highly-elliptical orbits (HEO) and one on a geostationary orbit (GEO).

All three satellites—Cosmos-2379 (GEO, launched on 24 Aug 2001, NORAD catalog number 26892), Cosmos-2388 (HEO, 1 Apr 2002, 27409), and Cosmos-2393 (HEO, 24 Dec 2002, 27613)—are first-generation satellites. They are part of the US-KS early-warning system, known also as Oko. This system was built to detect launches of ballistic missiles from the U.S. territory and cannot detect missiles launched from sea or other regions.

The HEO satellites, Cosmos-2388 and Cosmos-2393, are placed on orbits in a way that makes them to pass apogees of their orbits that are suitable for observations with a 12-hour interval. Cosmos-2379 is placed into the point of 24 degrees West on geostationary orbit. This configuration allows the satellites to maintain 24-hour coverage of the U.S. territory. At the same time, reliability of that coverage is fairly low (a discussion of the coverage can be found in “History and the Current Status of the Russian Early-Warning System
The early-warning satellites transmit information in real time to the command center at Serpukhov-15 (near Kurilovo, Kaluga oblast). The information is processed there and transmitted to the command center of the 3rd Army in Solnechnogorsk.

By: Edz - 11th November 2005 at 20:23 Permalink - Edited 1st January 1970 at 01:00

The Oko program was plagued by spacecraft malfunctions and software problems. Although the system was able to begin operations in 1982, the problems continued after that. In 1983 the system almost generated a serious false alarm, which was later attributed to problems with the software being unable to cope with sun reflections properly. The satellites continued to suffer from explosive disintegration until 1984.

So much abuot russian technology, that is according to russians the best in the world and has no analogs.But that it has no anologs is probably true.What can explode on this satellites?Is there somebody shooting them down?
Aliens don't like russians too.Shoot down their precious sattelites.

By: pesho - 12th November 2005 at 05:42 Permalink - Edited 1st January 1970 at 01:00

This is how look the Ground Based Early Warning Radar systems in 2000: http://pvo.guns.ru/russia/index12.htm
.Some of the systems now aren't operational,but there is also some new.
".......The two facilities of the missile attack warning system (MAWS) that were put into operation in 2002 will contribute to that too. This is what Russian Space Troops Commander Anatoly Perminov said at a news conference.

"The interceptors are getting old," the Space Troops commander admitted. "However, they all undergo a technical inspection every month, and work is being done to prolong their service lifetimes. In 2002 a training launch of an interceptor was carried out at the Balkhash testing ground. The results showed the high potential of the Russian missile defense system and the opportunities to extend its lifespan. In the meantime, industries were assigned to update interceptors," Perminov emphasized.

Not only missiles will undergo the process of renovation, but also facilities that are part of the MAWS system. For example, after a fire at the Space Troops facility near the settlement of Kurilovo, Moscow region, it was decided not to restore the destroyed equipment, but to install new hardware instead.

"We still have equipment which is almost 30 years old," Perminov says. "However, this does not mean that it is useless. We recently conducted a joint experiment with the Americans. From their shuttle, we released spheres with a diameter of 5, 10, 15, and 20 centimeters. Unlike the American system, our MAWS system was able to detect a 5- centimeter sphere at a distance equivalent to that between Moscow and St. Petersburg. Even with their newer equipment, our American partners are unable to match that at present..."

In 2002 the technical capacities of the Russian missile defense system actually expanded. It gained two facilities at once, unique in their capabilities: the Volga radar station at Baranovichi (Belarus) and the Okno ("Window") optic-electronic complex in Nurek (Tajikistan). Volga can detect the launches of all types of strategic ballistic missiles within about 5,000 kilometers. Developed by the design bureau of the Krasnogorsk plant, the Okno optic-electronic complex is meant for automatic detection of high-orbit objects in space, at altitudes to 40,000 kilometers, tracking their orbits, and determination of their class, destination, state, and origin.

Perminov noted that in 2003-05 the Space Troops would include 60- 65 military satellites and 15-16 dual-use satellites. As a result, "silent zones" will be completely eliminated from the Russian missile defense system.
(Translated by P. Pikhnovsky) Izvestia"